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Related Concept Videos

Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

55
A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
55
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

44
Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
44
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

54
An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
54
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

20
A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
20
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

30
A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
30
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

18
A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
18

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Related Experiment Video

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Embolic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion MCAO for Ischemic Stroke with Homologous Blood Clots in Rats
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Localised scleroderma and ischemic stroke: case report.

Bünyamin Tosunoğlu1, Hafize Nalan Güneş1, Burcu Gökçe Çokal1

  • 1Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Postepy Psychiatrii Neurologii
|July 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study reports a rare case of stroke in a 60-year-old patient with localized scleroderma. Neurological symptoms like speech impairment and memory loss were observed, highlighting a potential link between scleroderma and cerebrovascular events.

Keywords:
amnesialocalizedsclerodermasclerosisstroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rheumatology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Scleroderma is a multisystemic disorder with inflammatory and vascular abnormalities.
  • Progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) commonly affects skin, joints, lungs, heart, and kidneys.
  • Cerebral vessel involvement is uncommon in scleroderma, with stroke being a rare complication.

Observation:

  • A 60-year-old patient with localized scleroderma presented with stroke symptoms.
  • Symptoms included impaired speech, word-finding difficulties, and transient memory loss.
  • Standard ischemic risk factors were absent in clinical and laboratory evaluations.

Findings:

  • The patient exhibited skin findings characteristic of scleroderma, including contractures and positive antibody tests.
  • Skin biopsy results were consistent with scleroderma.
  • Cerebrovascular event was suspected based on the patient's scleroderma diagnosis and presentation.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the rare but potential association between localized scleroderma and cerebrovascular events.
  • Highlights the importance of considering scleroderma in the differential diagnosis of stroke, especially in patients with unexplained neurological deficits.
  • Further research may elucidate the specific mechanisms linking scleroderma to stroke risk.