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Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
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Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Retroviral Transduction of Helper T Cells as a Genetic Approach to Study Mechanisms Controlling their Differentiation and Function
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Gene Regulatory Programs that Specify Age-Related Differences during Thymocyte Development.

Divya Ganapathi Sankaran, Hongya Zhu, Viviana I Maymi

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study reveals how T cell development differs between young and adult mice, identifying key gene programs and epigenetic changes linked to age. A regulator called Zbtb20 was found to influence these age-dependent T cell differences.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Developmental Biology
    • Epigenetics

    Background:

    • T cell development is crucial for immune function.
    • Age-related changes in T cell development are not well understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To create a transcriptional and epigenetic atlas of T cell development in neonatal versus adult mice.
    • To identify age-dependent gene regulatory programs and their functional consequences.

    Main Methods:

    • Construction of a transcriptional and epigenetic atlas.
    • CRISPR-based perturbation.
    • Single-cell RNA sequencing.

    Main Results:

    • Identified an age-divergent gene module regulating effector response and cell cycle.
    • Neonates show more accessible chromatin in early development, suggesting poised gene expression.
    • Discovered Zbtb20 as a regulator of age-dependent T cell development.

    Conclusions:

    • Defined transcriptional and epigenetic programs underlying age-specific T cell development.
    • Highlighted the role of chromatin accessibility in early development.
    • Identified Zbtb20 as a key factor in age-related T cell differences.