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Noncompletely Positive Quantum Maps Enable Efficient Local Energy Extraction in Batteries.

Aparajita Bhattacharyya1, Kornikar Sen1, Ujjwal Sen1

  • 1<a href="https://ror.org/0165d9303">Harish-Chandra Research Institute</a>, A CI of <a href="https://ror.org/02bv3zr67">Homi Bhabha National Institute</a>, Chhatnag Road, Jhunsi, Prayagraj 211 019, India.

Physical Review Letters
|July 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum batteries can extract energy using completely positive trace-preserving (CPTP) maps, leading to passive states. However, noncompletely positive trace-preserving (NCPTP) maps can extract more energy from these states, revealing non-CPTPness.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum information science
  • Quantum thermodynamics
  • Quantum computing

Background:

  • Quantum batteries store energy in quantum states.
  • Completely positive trace-preserving (CPTP) maps are standard tools for analyzing quantum operations.
  • CPTP-local passive states are quantum states from which no energy can be extracted using CPTP maps on a subsystem.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate energy extraction from quantum batteries beyond standard CPTP maps.
  • To explore the properties of CPTP-local passive states under multiple copies.
  • To identify conditions and methods for surpassing energy extraction limits imposed by CPTP maps.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical proofs for arbitrary dimensions regarding multi-copy CPTP-local passive states.
  • Analysis of energy extraction using noncompletely positive trace-preserving (NCPTP) maps.
  • Derivation of conditions for energy extractability using NCPTP maps.
  • Establishing an analogy with entanglement manipulation in quantum information.

Main Results:

  • CPTP-local passive states remain passive even with multiple copies.
  • NCPTP maps can extract energy from CPTP-local passive states where CPTP maps fail.
  • Explicit examples demonstrate NCPTP maps outperforming maximum extractable energy via CPTP maps.
  • Conditions for zero energy extraction using NCPTP maps were derived.
  • The ability of NCPTP maps to extract more energy than CPTP maps serves as a detector for non-CPTP quantum operations.

Conclusions:

  • Standard CPTP maps do not fully characterize energy extractability in quantum batteries.
  • Physically realizable NCPTP maps offer enhanced energy extraction capabilities.
  • The study provides new insights into the fundamental limits and possibilities of energy extraction from quantum systems.
  • The findings have implications for the development of more efficient quantum energy storage and retrieval technologies.