Mutagenicity of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) identified in source emissions and ambient air

Several polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) including nitrated and oxygenated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were tested for mutagenic activity in the Salmonella/microsome assay. Among the compounds tested the isomer mix of nitro-1-hydroxypyrenes showed the highest direct mutagenic response in both the Salmonella strain TA98 and TA100 (1251 revertants/micrograms and 463 revertants/micrograms, respectively). The direct-acting mutagenicity of the nitro-1-hydroxypyrene isomer mix was dependent upon reduction of the nitro function as evidenced by the decrease in activity observed with the nitroreductase-deficient and arylhydroxylamine esterifying-deficient tester strains. The oxygenated derivatives of PAH containing aldehyde or keto groups showed weak or no mutagenic responses. In most cases addition of S9 was essential for any mutagenic activity and the strain TA100 was more sensitive than the strain TA98. Within this group, 7H-dibenzo[c,g]fluoren-7-one showed the highest mutagenic effect; 7 and 22 revertants/micrograms using the strains TA98 and TA100, respectively.