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Giant optical second- and third-order nonlinearities at a telecom wavelength.

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    This study demonstrates a novel TiN-based material platform exhibiting strong optical second- and third-order nonlinearities. This breakthrough enables advanced multi-functional applications in nonlinear optics at telecom wavelengths.

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    Area of Science:

    • * Materials Science
    • * Nonlinear Optics
    • * Quantum Engineering

    Background:

    • * Developing materials with significant optical nonlinearities is crucial for advanced photonic devices.
    • * Achieving both second- and third-order nonlinearities in a single material at telecom wavelengths presents a significant challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a material platform with enhanced optical second- and third-order nonlinearities.
    • * To engineer electronic subbands in a TiN-based coupled metallic quantum well structure for optimized nonlinear responses.
    • * To achieve these nonlinearities within the 1400-1600 nm telecom wavelength band.

    Main Methods:

    • * Theoretical modeling and experimental validation of a TiN-based coupled metallic quantum well structure.
    • * Engineering of electronic subbands to facilitate doubly resonant inter-subband transitions (for second-order nonlinearity) and single-photon transitions (for third-order nonlinearity).
    • * Characterization of nonlinear optical properties, including second-order susceptibility (χ(2)) and Kerr coefficient (n2).

    Main Results:

    • * Demonstrated a material platform with exceptionally high second-order nonlinearity (χ(2) = 2840 pm/V at 1440 nm).
    • * Achieved a remarkable third-order nonlinearity (Kerr coefficient n2 = 2.8 × 10⁻¹⁰ cm²/W at 1460 nm).
    • * Simultaneous strong second- and third-order nonlinearities were observed in the 1400-1600 nm telecom wavelength range.

    Conclusions:

    • * The TiN-based coupled metallic quantum well structure successfully provides a material platform with dual high-order nonlinearities.
    • * This achievement opens new avenues for multi-functional advanced applications in nonlinear optics.
    • * The demonstrated material is highly promising for integrated photonic devices operating at telecom wavelengths.