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Related Concept Videos

Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

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A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire01:28

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Consider an infinitely long straight wire carrying a current I. The magnetic field at point P at a distance a from the origin can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
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Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Optimized Setup and Protocol for Magnetic Domain Imaging with In Situ Hysteresis Measurement
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Spin-wave dynamics in perpendicularly magnetized antidot multilayers.

Anulekha De1,2, Semanti Pal1,3, Olav Hellwig4,5

  • 1Department of Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|July 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We show how to control spin-wave dynamics using magnetic field orientation near nanoscale antidots in magnetic multilayers. This modulation of spin waves opens new avenues for energy-efficient nanoscale magnonic devices.

Keywords:
antidot latticemicromagnetic simulationsperpendicular magnetic anisotropyspin wavetime-resolved magneto optical Kerr effect

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) multilayers are crucial for spintronic devices.
  • Nanoscale patterning, such as antidots, influences magnetic dynamics.
  • Focused ion beam (FIB) milling can alter magnetic properties locally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the modulation of spin-wave (SW) dynamics by bias magnetic field orientation.
  • To understand the role of nanoscale diamond-shaped antidots in controlling SW propagation.
  • To explore the potential for next-generation nanoscale magnonic devices.

Main Methods:

  • All-optical time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect (TR-MOKE) measurements.
  • Micromagnetic modeling to interpret experimental observations.
  • Fabrication of [Co/Pd] multilayers with nanoscale antidots using FIB.

Main Results:

  • Efficient modulation of SW dynamics was achieved by varying magnetic field orientation.
  • Lower frequency SW modes are linked to in-plane (IP) domain structures in shell regions around antidots.
  • The IP magnetization direction in shell regions changes significantly with field orientation, affecting edge-localized SW modes.

Conclusions:

  • The orientation-dependent coupling between edge-localized and bulk SWs in PMA systems offers novel physics.
  • This work demonstrates prospects for developing energy-efficient, hybrid-system-based nanoscale magnonic devices.