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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Related Experiment Video

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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Allergen immunotherapy in asthma.

Kazuyuki Nakagome1, Makoto Nagata1

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.

Allergology International : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology
|July 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT), including subcutaneous (SCIT) and sublingual (SLIT) methods, offers long-term benefits for allergic diseases like asthma and allergic rhinitis. This treatment can improve symptoms, reduce medication needs, and potentially prevent new sensitizations.

Keywords:
Allergen immunotherapyAllergic rhinitisBronchial asthmaSubcutaneous immunotherapySublingual immunotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Allergic diseases, including asthma and allergic rhinitis, affect a significant portion of the population.
  • Current treatments often manage symptoms but do not alter the disease course.
  • Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) presents a disease-modifying treatment option.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and long-term effects of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) for allergic diseases, particularly asthma and allergic rhinitis.
  • To explore the potential of AIT to modify the natural course of allergic diseases and prevent new sensitizations.
  • To investigate the broader immunomodulatory effects of AIT beyond targeted allergens.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for allergic diseases.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on house dust mite (HDM)-specific AIT for asthma and allergic rhinitis.
  • Examination of data regarding the long-term maintenance of AIT effects and its impact on disease progression.

Main Results:

  • HDM-SCIT improves asthma symptoms, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and reduces medication requirements in patients with normal lung function.
  • AIT, including HDM-SLIT, can attenuate asthma exacerbations and improve lung function in patients with co-existing allergic rhinitis.
  • AIT effects persist for years post-treatment, can prevent asthma onset in allergic rhinitis patients, and may inhibit new allergen sensitizations.

Conclusions:

  • Allergen immunotherapy is an effective treatment for allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis, offering sustained benefits.
  • AIT demonstrates disease-modifying potential, including preventing disease progression and new sensitizations.
  • Emerging evidence suggests AIT may have broader immunomodulatory effects, potentially suppressing non-targeted responses and enhancing resistance to respiratory infections.