Sex differences in physical functioning among older adults: cross-sectional results from the OUTDOOR ACTIVE study

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Public Health
• Sex Differences in Aging

Background:

• Maintaining functional ability is crucial for healthy aging and independence in older adults.
• Women, despite longer life expectancy, often exhibit greater physical functioning limitations than men.
• The underlying reasons for these sex-based disparities in physical functioning remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate sex differences in physical functioning among older adults.
• To identify factors contributing to these observed sex differences in physical functioning.

Main Methods:

• Utilized cross-sectional data from the OUTDOOR ACTIVE study (N=2,141, aged 65-75).
• Assessed physical functioning using the SF-36 10-item Physical Functioning Scale.
• Measured physical activity objectively via accelerometry and collected data on social, lifestyle, and health factors.

Main Results:

• Statistically significant differences in physical functioning were observed, with men reporting fewer limitations (Men: 86.7±17.0, Women: 81.4±19.3).
• A significant negative association between physical functioning score and sex persisted after accounting for individual factors (β: -0.15).
• Health indicators and chronic diseases were the most influential factors, explaining 51% of the physical functioning-sex association.

Conclusions:

• Older women experience greater limitations in physical functioning compared to older men.
• Health-related factors and chronic diseases significantly contribute to sex differences in physical functioning.
• Findings support the need for future longitudinal research to further elucidate these disparities.