Role of Electronegativity on the Elemental Diversity in High-Entropy Alloys

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) or multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) have found extensive applications in high-precision devices. While the increased configurational entropy for HEAs favors more elemental diversity, it also increases the possibility of phase separation into multiple heterogeneous systems. This article reports that these two mutually competing effects are balanced for 3- and 4-component alloys. Analysis of all of the n-component ABCD···-type (∼5 × 10⁵) available compounds in the materials' database shows that more than 70% are either 3- or 4-component ones. Their high propensity is explained on the basis of their optimal average difference of electronegativity (EN) ∼0.5-1.0 and the average sum of electronegativity (EN) ∼5.0-6.5 between the constituent atoms in the Oganov scale. Effectively, these 3- and 4-component alloys lie in the intermediate (centroid) region of the van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle, indicating their metalloid nature.