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Updated: May 4, 2026

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
Published on: December 31, 2017
Synthesis of current pediatric urinary microbiome research
Layla M Jeries1, Tatyana A Sysoeva1, Lisa Karstens2,3
1Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States.
The pediatric urobiome, or bladder microbiome, is understudied. This review examines current knowledge of its development in children and identifies research gaps for future investigation.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Pediatrics
- Urology
Background:
- The human urinary bladder contains a low-biomass microbial community known as the urobiome.
- Adult urobiome composition is well-researched, but pediatric urobiome studies are limited.
- Understanding urobiome development across the lifespan and in disease is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review existing data on pediatric urobiome composition.
- To analyze the development of the pediatric urobiome with age and disease.
- To identify knowledge gaps in pediatric urobiome research.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of pediatric urobiome studies.
- Analysis of data on age-related urobiome changes.
- Examination of urobiome alterations in pediatric health conditions.
Main Results:
- Few studies have characterized the pediatric urobiome.
- Data on pediatric urobiome development is scarce.
- Specific research gaps in pediatric urobiome composition and disease association were identified.
Conclusions:
- The pediatric urobiome is an emerging field with significant knowledge gaps.
- Further research is needed to understand pediatric urobiome development and its clinical implications.
- Future studies should focus on addressing identified gaps with improved methodologies.
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