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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Pattern-based Search of Epigenomic Data Using GeNemo
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The Genome Explorer genome browser.

James Herson1, Markus Krummenacker2, Aaron Spaulding2

  • 1Advanced Technology and Systems Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA.

Msystems
|July 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genome Explorer is a new genome browser offering fast, intuitive visualization of genomic data. It enables biologists to explore genomes with high information density and smooth navigation for better data interpretation.

Keywords:
genomegenome browser

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Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Genome browsers are essential tools for visualizing and exploring complex genomic data.
  • Existing browsers can be slow and lack sufficient detail for comprehensive analysis.
  • Efficient visualization aids scientists in answering critical biological questions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce Genome Explorer, a significantly updated genome browser.
  • Provide users with near-instantaneous scaling and traversing capabilities for genome exploration.
  • Enhance the user experience with smoother, more intuitive genome navigation and data visualization.

Main Methods:

  • Downloaded entire genome data to the user's web browser for local visualization.
  • Dynamically generated visualizations locally for fine control of zoom and pan functions.
  • Presented genome features in-line with high information density, contrasting with traditional data tracks.

Main Results:

  • Achieved nearly instantaneous scaling and traversing of the genome.
  • Enabled rapid movement between different scales, from whole genome to individual sequences.
  • Demonstrated higher information density compared to track-based browsers, offering more context.
  • Implemented optional data tracks and a comparative mode for advanced analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Genome Explorer offers a superior user experience for genome data exploration.
  • The browser's design facilitates quicker and more intuitive understanding of genomic information.
  • High information density and efficient navigation aid in addressing complex biological queries.