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Selective COX-2 inhibitors as anticancer agents: a patent review (2018-2023)
Mohammad Mahboubi-Rabbani1, Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari2,3, Mahsa Ghesmati1
1Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Introduction:
COX-2 is a crucial enzyme in the manufacture of prostaglandins. The enzyme's metabolites might have an important function as regulators of the inflammatory response and other medical conditions such as cancer. Selective COX-2 inhibitors are believed to enhance or reverse the response of cancer chemotherapeutics.
Areas Covered:
This study addresses the chemical structures as well as the antitumor activity of new COX-2 inhibitors produced in the recent five years, aiming to provide an insight into the mechanism of COX-2 induced PGE2 powerful signal in cancer development.
Expert Opinion:
The significance of selective COX-2 inhibitors as an efficient superfamily of compounds with anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-Parkinson's disease, and anticancer properties has piqued the passion of academics in the field of drug development. Long-term usage of selective COX-2 inhibitors, such as celecoxib has been proven in clinical trials to lower the incidence of several human malignancies. Furthermore, celecoxib has the potential to greatly increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Our extensive understanding of selective COX-2 inhibitor SAR may aid in the development of safer and more effective selective COX-2 inhibitors as cancer chemopreventive agents. This review focuses on the different structural classes of selective COX-2 inhibitors, with a particular emphasis on their SAR.
Insights
New research explores novel cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors and their anticancer potential. These selective COX-2 inhibitors show promise in enhancing chemotherapy and preventing cancer development.
Area of Science:
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis, implicated in inflammation and cancer.
- COX-2 metabolites play a role in regulating inflammatory responses and cancer progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review chemical structures and antitumor activities of novel COX-2 inhibitors developed in the last five years.
- To elucidate the mechanism of COX-2-induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling in cancer.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent (5-year) studies on selective COX-2 inhibitors.
- Analysis of structure-activity relationships (SAR) for various COX-2 inhibitor classes.
Main Results:
- Identified diverse structural classes of selective COX-2 inhibitors.
- Highlighted the anticancer and chemopreventive potential of these compounds.
- Discussed the role of celecoxib in reducing cancer incidence and enhancing chemotherapy.
Conclusions:
- Selective COX-2 inhibitors represent a promising class of drugs for cancer chemoprevention and treatment.
- Further understanding of SAR can lead to the development of safer and more effective COX-2 inhibitors.
- COX-2 inhibitors may enhance the efficacy of existing cancer chemotherapeutics.
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