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Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Probing and Mapping Electrode Surfaces in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

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Published on: September 20, 2012

Surface Carbon Formation and its Impact on Methane Dry Reforming Kinetics on Rhodium-Based Catalysts by Operando

Riccardo Colombo¹, Gianluca Moroni¹, Chiara Negri¹

¹Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, 20156, Milano, Italy.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|July 3, 2024

Summary

Carbon deposition on Rhodium catalysts during Methane Dry Reforming (MDR) follows a nucleation-growth mechanism, influenced by gas ratios. This clarifies CO2

Keywords:

carbon formation catalyst deactivation methane dry reforming operando spectroscopy structure-composition-performance relationship

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2025

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Area of Science:

Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering
Materials Science
Surface Chemistry

Background:

Methane Dry Reforming (MDR) is crucial for syngas production but is often limited by catalyst deactivation due to carbon deposition.
Understanding the carbon formation mechanism is essential for designing stable and efficient Rhodium-based catalysts.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the mechanism of carbon deposition on Rh/α-Al2O3 catalysts during MDR.
To investigate the impact of carbon accumulation on MDR reaction kinetics.
To reconcile conflicting literature reports on the role of CO2 in MDR kinetics.

Main Methods:

Operando Raman spectroscopy integrated with kinetic analysis in a specialized annular chemical reactor.
Controlled experimental conditions to study the influence of CO2/CH4 ratio and CH4 concentration.
Analysis of carbon aggregate dynamics and spatiotemporal development on the catalyst surface.

Main Results:

Carbon deposition on Rh/α-Al2O3 catalysts follows a nucleation-growth mechanism.
The dynamics of carbon aggregates are governed by the CO2/CH4 ratio and inlet CH4 concentration.
CO2's influence on MDR kinetics is indirect, resulting from carbon accumulation over extended periods.

Conclusions:

The study clarifies the spatiotemporal evolution of carbon deposits and their effect on catalytic performance.
A comprehensive mechanism for carbon formation is proposed, explaining its impact on MDR kinetics.
The findings reconcile discrepancies in the literature regarding CO2's kinetic role in Methane Dry Reforming.