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Protein research in millets: current status and way forward.

S Antony Ceasar1, Srinivasan Prabhu2, Heba T Ebeed3,4

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Millet protein research lags behind major cereals, despite millets

Keywords:
Millet proteomicsProtein localizationProtein structureProteome dataStress-responsive proteins

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Biochemistry
  • Food Security

Background:

  • Millets are vital climate-resilient crops for global food security, particularly in Asia and Africa.
  • Despite their importance, research on millet proteins and proteomes is significantly limited compared to major cereals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status of protein research in various millet species.
  • To provide insights into understanding protein responses for enhanced climate resilience and nutrient supplementation in millets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on millet protein identification and characterization.
  • Analysis of available proteome data and experimentally proven protein structures across different millets.
  • Identification of research gaps in stress-responsive protein studies and protein localization.

Main Results:

  • Reference proteome data is available only for sorghum, foxtail millet, and proso millet.
  • Most stress-responsive protein studies focus on foxtail millet under drought conditions; other millets have limited data.
  • Sorghum possesses the most experimentally proven protein crystal structures, while other millets have few or none.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for expanded proteomics research in millets to support crop improvement.
  • Further investigation into millet proteins will aid in breeding climate-resilient and nutrient-rich varieties for future food security.