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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

Transcriptomic Differences in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma According to Grade.

Ignacio Ruz-Caracuel^1,2, Tamara Caniego-Casas^3,4, Teresa Alonso-Gordoa⁵

¹Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain. Ignacio.ruz@salud.madrid.org.

Endocrine Pathology

|July 3, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new grading system for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) identifies high-grade tumors. Overexpression of DLL3 in MTC correlates with aggressive disease and poor survival, suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker.

Keywords:

DLL3 Endocrine pathology Medullary thyroid carcinoma Neuroendocrine neoplasia Thyroid Transcriptomic

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
Genomics

Background:

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor lacking a standardized histological grading system.
A recent two-tier grading system, based on proliferation and necrosis, shows prognostic value.
Understanding molecular differences between high-grade and low-grade MTC is crucial for improved patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify molecular markers associated with high-grade medullary thyroid carcinoma.
To investigate the role of specific gene expression patterns in MTC prognosis.
To evaluate DLL3 as a potential biomarker for aggressive MTC.

Main Methods:

Transcriptomic analysis using the NanoString Tumor Signaling 360 Panel on 21 MTC samples.
Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validation of gene expression in 30 MTC samples.
Immunohistochemistry to assess DLL3 protein expression and correlate with survival data.

Main Results:

High-grade MTCs showed significant upregulation of genes including DLL3, SOX2, and FOXM1.
Differential gene expression pathways involved DNA damage repair, cell cycle, and apoptosis.
DLL3 overexpression was significantly associated with lower disease-free and overall survival in MTC patients.

Conclusions:

DLL3 and SOX2 expression signatures in high-grade MTC resemble those of small-cell lung carcinoma.
DLL3 overexpression is a significant predictor of poor prognosis and aggressive disease in medullary thyroid carcinoma.
DLL3 warrants further investigation as a prognostic biomarker for MTC management.