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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Stretch in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells cEND as an In Vitro Traumatic Brain Injury Model of the Blood Brain Barrier
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Stretch-induced damage in endothelial monolayers.

Young Choi1, Raphael Jakob1, Alexander E Ehret2

  • 1ETH Zürich, Dep. of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Zürich, Switzerland.

Biomaterials Advances
|July 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Senescent and aged endothelial cells are more susceptible to mechanical stretch-induced damage than young cells. This fragility, linked to stronger cell-substrate adhesion, increases the risk of cellular damage and detachment under stress.

Keywords:
AgingCell mechanicsEndotheliumMechanobiologySenescenceStretch

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology
  • Mechanobiology

Background:

  • Endothelial cells experience mechanical stimuli, with stretch effects varying by load levels.
  • Aging alters vascular properties and endothelial cell mechanics, impairing stretch response.
  • Senescence in endothelial cells changes their mechanical properties, potentially affecting tissue function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify and compare stretch-induced damage in young, senescent, and aged endothelial cell populations.
  • To investigate the relationship between cell phenotype, adhesion, and mechanical fragility.
  • To determine critical levels of endothelial stretch causing damage.

Main Methods:

  • High-rate uniaxial stretch experiments on endothelial cell monolayers.
  • Immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy to detect cellular damage.
  • Development of a discrete network model to simulate cell deformation and energy.

Main Results:

  • Senescent and aged endothelial cells exhibited greater fragility and damage compared to young cells.
  • Damage manifested as intercellular and intracellular void formation, increasing with deformation.
  • Aged and senescent cells detached at lower stretch levels than young cells.
  • Modeling indicated increased intracellular energy in senescent cells due to stronger adhesion.

Conclusions:

  • Young endothelial cells are more resilient to mechanical stretch than senescent or aged cells.
  • The increased fragility of senescent cells is associated with their enhanced adhesion to the substrate.
  • Quantified critical stretch levels for endothelial cell damage, highlighting age-related vulnerabilities.