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Sleep insufficiency and bedtime irregularity in children with ADHD: A population-based analysis

Talia Y Leman1, Sophia Barden2, Valerie S Swisher2

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, USA.

Sleep Medicine
|July 3, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience more sleep problems, including insufficient sleep and irregular bedtimes. Factors like poverty, depression, and screen time worsen these sleep issues in children with ADHD.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Sleep disturbances are common in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • Population-based data on sleep insufficiency and bedtime irregularity in children with ADHD are limited.
  • This study investigates the relationship between ADHD and sleep patterns in a national sample.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between ADHD and weeknight sleep insufficiency and bedtime irregularity.
  • To identify factors associated with sleep outcomes in children with ADHD.
  • To provide insights for targeted interventions to improve sleep in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the 2020-2021 National Survey of Children's Health.
  • Surveyed parents of children aged 3-17 years with ADHD (n=7,671) and a weighted control sample (n=51,572).
  • Employed weighted generalized linear models, with and without age-stratification, adjusting for sociodemographics and clinical variables.

Main Results:

  • Children with ADHD showed higher odds of sleep insufficiency and bedtime irregularity compared to controls.
  • In children with ADHD, older age correlated with less sleep insufficiency but more bedtime irregularity.
  • Factors like Black race, poverty, higher ADHD severity, depression, increased screen time, and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were linked to poorer sleep outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Children with ADHD are at increased risk for sleep insufficiency and irregular bedtimes.
  • Intervention targets include addressing poverty, depression, screen time, ACEs, and behavioral issues to improve sleep.
  • Age-specific findings and clinical variables offer avenues for tailored sleep interventions in pediatric ADHD.
Abstract

Keywords:
AdolescentsAfrican-americanImpulsivityOppositional defiant disorder

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