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Self-organization underlies developmental robustness in plants.

Shuyao Kong1, Mingyuan Zhu2, Adrienne H K Roeder1

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Development achieves robustness through self-organization, despite cellular heterogeneity. Mechanisms like gene expression denoising and growth compensation buffer noise, ensuring reliable development.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cellular biology
  • Systems biology

Background:

  • Biological development relies on cell interactions and self-organization.
  • Cellular processes exhibit inherent heterogeneity (gene expression, growth, division).
  • Understanding robustness despite heterogeneity is a key developmental question.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of developmental robustness.
  • To highlight the role of self-organization in buffering cellular heterogeneity.
  • To explore how noise is managed or utilized during development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent progress in developmental biology.
  • Analysis of cellular mechanisms contributing to robustness.
  • Discussion of noise sources and buffering strategies.

Main Results:

  • Cellular heterogeneity arises from stochastic gene expression, variable growth, and imprecise division.
  • Mechanisms like Paf1C- and miRNA-mediated denoising, growth averaging, and division precision enhance robustness.
  • Developmental timing and organ growth are coordinated to counteract heterogeneity.
  • In some cases, heterogeneity is actively utilized for developmental processes.

Conclusions:

  • Self-organization is crucial for achieving developmental robustness amidst cellular noise.
  • Buffering mechanisms and coordinated processes ensure reliable development.
  • Future research should explore noise utilization and further refine understanding of robustness.