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Biomechanical characterization of cadaveric brachial plexus microstructure.

Anne C Perruisseau-Carrier1, Yann Marco2, Vadim Fleury2

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Summary

Peripheral nerve connective tissue is stiffer and stronger than nerve fascicles. This explains why proximal brachial plexus regions, with less connective tissue, are more prone to stretch injuries.

Keywords:
BiomechanicsBrachial plexusPeripheral nervesStretch injuryTensile test

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Peripheral nerves comprise axons and connective tissue.
  • Connective tissue content varies along nerves, influencing susceptibility to stretch injuries.
  • Proximal brachial plexus regions are more vulnerable to stretch injuries than distal regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the biomechanical behavior of peripheral nerve components (fascicles and connective tissue).
  • To quantify differences in elastic modulus, maximum stress, and maximum strain between fascicles and connective tissue.
  • To elucidate the role of connective tissue in brachial plexus stretch injury mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-six specimens of fascicles and epi-perineurium were tested using uniaxial tensile tests.
  • BOSE® Electroforce® 3330 and INSTRON® 5969 materials testing machines were utilized.
  • Stress-strain data were analyzed to determine elastic modulus, maximum stress, and maximum strain.

Main Results:

  • Mean elastic modulus was 6.34 MPa for fascicles and 32.1 MPa for connective tissue.
  • Connective tissue exhibited significantly higher elastic modulus and maximum stress compared to fascicles (p < 0.001).
  • Statistically significant differences were observed in elastic modulus and maximum stress.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral nerve connective tissue possesses a higher elastic modulus and maximum stress than fascicles.
  • Axons are more fragile than connective tissue.
  • Reduced connective tissue in proximal brachial plexus may contribute to increased stretch injury susceptibility.