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Comparing Gut Microbial Composition and Functional Adaptations between SPF and Non-SPF Pigs.

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The rearing environment significantly shapes pig gut microbiota diversity and composition. Pigs in conventional facilities show greater diversity, while specific genera differ between specific pathogen-free and conventional settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Animal Science
  • Xenotransplantation Research

Background:

  • The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host metabolism and immune function.
  • Microbiota composition is influenced by genetics and environmental factors like diet and antibiotic use.
  • Understanding pig gut microbiota is vital for xenotransplantation source animal selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of rearing environments on pig gut microbiota diversity and composition.
  • To compare microbiota characteristics between pigs from specific pathogen-free (SPF) and conventional (non-SPF) facilities.
  • To establish a reference for assessing the rearing environment of xenotransplantation source pigs.

Main Methods:

  • Fecal sample collection from pigs in SPF and non-SPF facilities.
  • 16S RNA metagenome sequencing for microbial analysis.
  • Bioinformatic analysis to compare microbial diversity and predicted functional pathways.

Main Results:

  • Non-SPF pigs exhibited higher gut microbiota diversity than SPF pigs.
  • Specific genera like *Streptococcus* and *Ruminococcus* were more abundant in SPF pigs.
  • Prevotella was exclusively found in non-SPF pigs, while Blautia, Bacteroides, and Roseburia were unique to SPF pigs.

Conclusions:

  • Rearing environment significantly alters pig gut microbiota composition and predicted functions.
  • SPF environments lead to distinct microbial profiles compared to conventional settings.
  • Findings provide a basis for evaluating the health status and suitability of xenotransplantation source pigs.