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Coronary risk factor profiles according to different age categories in premature coronary artery disease patients who
Sukma Azureen Nazli1,2, Azhari Rosman3, Noor Alicezah Mohd Kasim4,5
1Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia. azureennazli@yahoo.com.
Insights
Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) affects 28% of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Key risk factors include high LDL-c, TC levels, and hypertension, necessitating early intervention.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Preventive Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) risk factors (CRFs) are widely studied, but PCAD prevalence and CRFs across different age definitions remain under-reported globally.
- Understanding these variations is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the proportion of PCAD patients within a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) cohort.
- To analyze significant CRFs for PCAD across various age cut-offs.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 29,241 patients undergoing PCI between 2007 and 2018.
- Patients were stratified into four age groups defining PCAD: (A) <45 years (M/F), (B) <50 years (M)/<55 years (F), (C) <55 years (M)/<60 years (F), (D) <55 years (M)/<65 years (F).
Main Results:
- The overall PCAD proportion was 28%, with specific rates of 9.2% (A), 21.5% (B), 38.6% (C), and 41.9% (D).
- Top CRFs identified were LDL-c, TC levels, and hypertension (HTN).
- Independent predictors across all age groups included Malay ethnicity, smoking, obesity, family history of PCAD, TC level, and prior MI.
Conclusions:
- The proportion of PCAD in Malaysia is notably high compared to international data.
- Elevated LDL-c, TC levels, and hypertension are the most significant risk factors.
- Early detection and management of modifiable CRFs are essential for PCAD prevention.
Abstract:
Many studies have investigated the coronary risk factors (CRFs) among premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) patients. However, reports on the proportion and CRFs of PCAD according to different age cut-offs for PCAD is globally under-reported. This study aimed to determine the proportion of PCAD patients and analyse the significant CRFs according to different age cut-offs among percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-treated patients. Patients who underwent PCI between 2007 and 2018 in two cardiology centres were included (n = 29,241) and were grouped into four age cut-off groups that defines PCAD: (A) Males/females: < 45, (B) Males: < 50; Females: < 55, (C) Males: < 55; Females: < 60 and (D) Males: < 55; Females: < 65 years old. The average proportion of PCAD was 28%; 9.2% for group (A), 21.5% for group (B), 38.6% and 41.9% for group (C) and (D), respectively. The top three CRFs of PCAD were LDL-c level, TC level and hypertension (HTN). Malay ethnicity, smoking, obesity, family history of PCAD, TC level and history of MI were the independent predictors of PCAD across all age groups. The proportion of PCAD in Malaysia is higher compared to other studies. The most significant risk factors of PCAD are LDL-c, TC levels and HTN. Early prevention, detection and management of the modifiable risk factors are highly warranted to prevent PCAD.
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