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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

26.8K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

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Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
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Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

26.3K
In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.0K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Preparation of Polyoxometalate-based Photo-responsive Membranes for the Photo-activation of Manganese Oxide Catalysts
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Polyoxometalate-derived electrocatalysts enabling progress in hydrogen evolution reactions.

Shaohua Zhu1, Haijun Pang1, Zhe Sun1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China. panghj116@163.com.

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|July 4, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polyoxometalate (POM)-based catalysts offer a cost-effective and stable alternative to expensive platinum for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This review explores POM-derived materials for efficient HER electrocatalysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Platinum catalysts are highly effective for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) but are rare and costly.
  • Developing affordable and efficient alternatives for HER is crucial for energy applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress in polyoxometalate (POM)-based catalysts as alternatives to platinum for HER.
  • To highlight the synthesis strategies and electrocatalytic performance of POM-derived materials.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of POM-based materials for HER.
  • Analysis of assembly strategies for POM-derived crystalline materials, metal sulfides, phosphides, carbides, and nitrides.
  • Discussion on the electrocatalytic performance and stability of these materials.

Main Results:

  • POMs serve as effective precursors for synthesizing diverse non-noble metal-based HER electrocatalysts.
  • POM-derived materials, including crystalline structures and transition metal compounds, show promising HER activity and stability.
  • Assembly strategies significantly influence the performance of POM-based electrocatalysts.

Conclusions:

  • POM-derived materials represent a viable and promising avenue for developing advanced HER electrocatalysts.
  • Further research into POM-derived electrocatalyst design and regulation can optimize electrochemical HER performance.
  • This approach offers a sustainable and scalable pathway for HER catalyst development.