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Related Concept Videos

Sign Test for Matched Pairs01:17

Sign Test for Matched Pairs

124
The sign test for matched pairs offers a robust method for comparing two paired samples, often for the effects of an intervention in one of them. This method is very useful in situations where the underlying distribution of the data is unknown. The test compares two related samples—often pre- and post-treatment measurements on the same subjects—to determine if there are significant differences in their median values.
To conduct the sign test, we first calculate the differences in...
124
Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs01:09

Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs

117
The Wilcoxon signed-rank test for matched pairs evaluates the null hypothesis by combining the ranks of differences with their signs. It essentially tests whether the median of the differences in a population of matched pairs is zero. Since the test incorporates more information than the sign test, it generally yields more trustable conclusions. This test also does not require the data to follow a normal distribution, but two conditions must be met for it to be applicable: (1) the data must...
117

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
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Correspondence Between Vocal-Verbal Behavior and Go/No-Go Responses During the Successive Matching-to-Sample

Jillian C Sordello1, Robbie J Hanson2, Caio F Miguel1

  • 1Department of Psychology, California State University, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.

The Analysis of Verbal Behavior
|July 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explored verbal mediation in college students during auditory matching tasks. Findings suggest that consistent verbal statements correlate with accurate task performance, indicating a potential role for language in learning.

Keywords:
Bidirectional namingEquivalenceMediationProtocol analysisSuccessive matching-to-sample

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Behavioral Analysis

Background:

  • The matching-to-sample (MTS) procedure is a fundamental task in behavioral research.
  • Understanding emergent relations is key to comprehending complex learning.
  • The role of verbal behavior in emergent relations requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential verbal mediation during emergent relations tests in a successive matching-to-sample (S-MTS) procedure.
  • To examine the relationship between vocal-verbalizations and performance on emergent relations tasks.
  • To explore the influence of common sound stimuli on learning and verbalization.

Main Methods:

  • Eight college students participated in an S-MTS task using non-verbal auditory stimuli.
  • Participants engaged in aloud verbalization during emergent relations tests.
  • Vocal-verbal statements were transcribed and categorized (class-consistent, class-inconsistent, irrelevant).
  • Emergence criteria for symmetry and transitivity/equivalence were assessed.

Main Results:

  • All participants achieved symmetry emergence criterion.
  • Four participants met transitivity/equivalence emergence criterion.
  • A positive correlation was found between class-consistent verbal statements and correct MTS responses.
  • Class-consistent statements may indicate verbal mediation during learning.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides evidence for possible verbal mediation in emergent relations.
  • Vocal-verbal behavior appears linked to successful performance in S-MTS tasks.
  • Further research can explore the mechanisms of verbal mediation in learning and equivalence formation.