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Highly Luminescent TCNQ in Melamine.

Vipin Mishra1, Arthur Mantel1, Peter Kapusta1

  • 1J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 182 23, Czech Republic.

ACS Applied Optical Materials
|July 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Encapsulating 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) in crystalline melamine dramatically enhances its luminescence. This method transforms non-luminescent TCNQ into a bright fluorophore, opening possibilities for other molecules.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Photochemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Molecular optical properties are highly sensitive to environmental interactions.
  • 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) typically exhibits limited luminescence in solution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the luminescence of TCNQ by encapsulating it within a crystalline matrix.
  • To investigate the mechanism of luminescence enhancement and the role of impurities.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for structural analysis.
  • Mass spectrometry and UV-Vis spectroscopy for impurity identification.
  • Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations for theoretical elucidation.
  • Fluorescence spectroscopy for optical property characterization.

Main Results:

  • Colored single crystals of melamine doped with TCNQ were successfully synthesized.
  • Impurities identified as neutral TCNQ and its oxidation product, dicyano-p-toluoyl cyanide anion (DCTC-).
  • Encapsulated TCNQ exhibits bright fluorescence centered at 450 nm with 19% quantum yield and 2 ns lifetime.

Conclusions:

  • Crystalline melamine acts as a host matrix that significantly enhances TCNQ luminescence.
  • The concentration of TCNQ and DCTC- impurities can be controlled by precursor molar ratios.
  • This encapsulation strategy offers a promising route to induce fluorescence in other non-luminescent molecules.