Three-dimensional morphometric and volumetric analysis of maxillary sinuses

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Radiology
• Forensic Science

Background:

• The maxillary sinus, a pyramid-shaped cavity, exhibits variations in size and shape, crucial for understanding sinonasal disorders and surgical planning.
• Existing morphometric data for the maxillary sinus is limited for the Indian population, necessitating region-specific studies.
• Accurate anatomical knowledge is vital for preventing surgical complications and interpreting sinonasal pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the volume and morphometry of the maxillary sinus in the Eastern Indian population.
• To investigate potential gender-specific differences in maxillary sinus dimensions and volume.
• To establish a standard reference for clinical and forensic applications in India.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 100 individuals.
• Three-dimensional reconstructions of digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) images were performed using specialized software.
• Linear morphometric variables and sinus volume were measured, with statistical analysis using SPSS version 27.0.

Main Results:

• Mean transverse diameters were significantly larger in females (p < 0.05) for both right and left maxillary sinuses.
• Males showed a statistically significant larger mean craniocaudal diameter on the left side (p < 0.05).
• Gender differentiation accuracy based on these parameters was 89.4% for males and 61.8% for females.

Conclusions:

• Established morphometric parameters provide a reference for radiologists and surgeons, aiding in clinical decision-making and management of sinonasal pathologies.
• Maxillary sinus dimensions can assist in differentiating pathologies and planning functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
• Transverse and left-sided craniocaudal diameters offer potential for accurate gender determination in forensic anthropology.