PROTAC Beyond Cancer- Exploring the New Therapeutic Potential of Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras

In the realm of oncology, the transformative impact of PROTAC (PROteolysis TAgeting Chimeras) technology has been particularly pronounced since its introduction in the 21st century. Initially conceived for cancer treatment, PROTACs have evolved beyond their primary scope, attracting increasing interest in addressing a diverse array of medical conditions. This expanded focus includes not only oncological disorders but also viral infections, bacterial ailments, immune dysregulation, neurodegenerative conditions, and metabolic disorders. This comprehensive review explores the broadening landscape of PROTAC application, highlighting ongoing developments and innovations aimed at deploying these molecules across a spectrum of diseases. Careful consideration of the design challenges associated with PROTACs reveals that, when appropriately addressed, these compounds present significant advantages over traditional therapeutic approaches, positioning them as promising alternatives. To evaluate the efficacy of PROTAC molecules, a diverse array of assays is employed, ranging from High-Throughput Imaging (HTI) assays to Cell Painting assays, CRBN engagement assays, Fluorescence Polarization assays, amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assays, Timeresolved fluorescence energy transfer assays, and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry assays. These assessments collectively contribute to a nuanced understanding of PROTAC performance. Looking ahead, the trajectory of PROTAC technology suggests its potential recognition as a versatile therapeutic strategy for an expansive range of medical conditions. Ongoing progress in this field sets the stage for PROTACs to emerge as valuable tools in the multifaceted landscape of medical treatments.