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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Facile Preparation of Internally Self-assembled Lipid Particles Stabilized by Carbon Nanotubes
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Antimicrobial Delivery Using Metallophore-Responsive Dynamic Nanocarriers.

N G Hasitha Raviranga1, Olof Ramström1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., 01854 Lowell, Massachusetts, United States.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|July 4, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New biocompatible nanocarriers loaded with antimicrobial cations and antibiotics effectively combat multidrug-resistant pathogens. These novel materials show promise in treating infections caused by resistant bacteria, including those in biofilms.

Keywords:
P. aeruginosaantimicrobialchitosangalliumindiumnanocarriers

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Antimicrobial Research

Background:

  • Rising multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens necessitate novel therapeutic strategies beyond traditional antibiotics.
  • Drug repurposing, synergistic combinations, and advanced delivery systems are key areas of innovation.
  • Biocompatible nanocarriers offer a platform for combining antimicrobial agents for enhanced efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate biocompatible nanocarriers incorporating antimicrobial cations (GaIII, InIII) and antibiotics.
  • To assess the efficacy of these nanocarriers against multidrug-resistant pathogens, including biofilms.
  • To investigate the role of metallophores in cation delivery and antimicrobial activity.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of chitosan-based nanocarriers (100-200 nm) coordinated with GaIII or InIII, with or without encapsulated antibiotics.
  • Evaluation of antimicrobial activity against MDR clinical isolates, including *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*.
  • Assessment of biofilm inhibition and eradication, and cytotoxicity assays on A549 and NIH/3T3 cells.

Main Results:

  • Nanocarriers effectively inhibited MDR *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* under nutrient-limiting conditions.
  • Cation- and antibiotic-loaded nanomatrices showed efficacy against Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens.
  • Indium-containing nanocarriers demonstrated enhanced activity against bacterial biofilms, particularly *P. aeruginosa* and *Staphylococcus epidermidis*.
  • Low cytotoxicity was observed for A549 cells, with improvable values for NIH/3T3 cells.

Conclusions:

  • Biocompatible nanocarriers offer a promising strategy for combating multidrug-resistant pathogens.
  • Indium-based nanocarriers show particular potential for biofilm eradication.
  • The developed nanocarriers exhibit favorable safety profiles for potential therapeutic applications.