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Related Concept Videos

Ovaries01:26

Ovaries

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The ovaries are roughly the size of almonds and measure approximately 2 to 3 centimeters in length. These paired structures are situated within the pelvic region and are anchored by the mesovarium—a peritoneal extension that also connects them to the wider structure of the broad ligament. The support system extends to the suspensory ligament, housing blood and lymphatic vessels. In addition, the ovarian ligament tethers the ovaries to the uterus.
On the ovarian surface, a layer of...
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Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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Folliculogenesis01:20

Folliculogenesis

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Folliculogenesis is the development of ovarian follicles, the specialized structures within the ovarian cortex where oogenesis, or egg development, occurs. This process is essential for female reproductive health and begins during fetal development when primordial follicles are formed. Each primordial follicle comprises a primary oocyte in the center, surrounded by a single layer of squamous pre-granulosa cells. These follicles remain dormant in late prophase I of meiosis until triggered by...
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Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

461
The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
461
Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

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The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Separation of Avian Preovulatory Follicle Granulosa and Theca Cell Layers for Downstream Applications
05:04

Separation of Avian Preovulatory Follicle Granulosa and Theca Cell Layers for Downstream Applications

Published on: October 25, 2024

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Durable proteins appear to protect ovaries.

Mitch Leslie

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |July 4, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary

    Long-lived proteins are common throughout the body's organs. These stable proteins play a crucial role in cellular function and organismal health.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Molecular Biology
    • Gerontology

    Background:

    • Proteins are essential molecules for cellular function.
    • The lifespan of proteins can vary significantly within cells.

    Discussion:

    • Recent studies indicate that long-lived proteins are widespread across various organs.
    • The prevalence of these stable proteins suggests important functional roles.

    Key Insights:

    • Long-lived proteins are not rare but a common feature in organ tissues.
    • Their stability implies a role in maintaining cellular structure and long-term processes.

    Outlook:

    • Further research is needed to understand the specific functions of these long-lived proteins.

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    Isolation of Small Preantral Follicles from the Bovine Ovary Using a Combination of Fragmentation, Homogenization, and Serial Filtration
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    Mechanical Separation and Protein Solubilization of the Outer and Inner Perivitelline Sublayers from Hen's Eggs
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    Isolation of Small Preantral Follicles from the Bovine Ovary Using a Combination of Fragmentation, Homogenization, and Serial Filtration
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  • Investigating their role in aging and disease could provide new therapeutic targets.