Multiple myeloma and infections in the era of novel treatment modalities

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Infectious Diseases
• Oncology

Background:

• Infections are a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in multiple myeloma (MM) patients.
• Current MM treatments, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and transplantation, are associated with distinct infectious complications.
• Emerging therapies like bispecific T-cell engagers and CAR T-lymphocytes introduce new infection risks.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the incidence, risk factors, and patterns of infections in multiple myeloma patients across different treatment stages.
• To summarize infectious complications associated with novel treatment modalities in relapsed-refractory MM.
• To provide evidence-based insights into current infectious disease prophylaxis strategies for MM patients.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of studies on infections in multiple myeloma.
• Analysis of treatment regimens including proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies, transplantation, bispecific T-cell engagers, and CAR T-lymphocytes.
• Synthesis of data on infection incidence, risk factors, patterns, and prophylaxis.

Main Results:

• Diverse MM treatments confer specific infectious risks and patterns.
• Hematopoietic cell transplantation and novel agents present complex infectious challenges.
• Understanding these patterns is crucial for effective prophylaxis.

Conclusions:

• Infectious complications are a critical concern throughout multiple myeloma treatment.
• Tailored prophylaxis strategies are essential, especially with novel therapeutic agents.
• Further research is needed to optimize infection prevention in evolving MM treatment landscapes.