Exploring the impression of TRIM25 gene expression on COVID-19 severity and SARS-CoV-2 viral replication

There are numerous human genes associated with viral infections, and their identification in specific populations can provide suitable therapeutic targets for modulating the host immune system response and better understanding the viral pathogenic mechanisms. Many antiviral signaling pathways, including Type I interferon and NF-κB, are regulated by TRIM proteins. Therefore, the identification of TRIM proteins involved in COVID-19 infection can play a significant role in understanding the innate immune response to this virus.

In this study, the expression of TRIM25 gene was evaluated in a blood sample of 330 patients admitted to the hospital (142 patients with severe disease and 188 patients with mild disease) as well as in 160 healthy individuals. The relationship between its expression and the severity of COVID-19 disease was assessed and compared among the study groups by quantitative Real-time PCR technique. The statistical analysis of the results demonstrated a significant reduction in the expression of TRIM25 in the group of patients with severe infection compared to those with mild infection. Furthermore, the impact of increased expression of TRIM25 gene in HEK-293 T cell culture was investigated on the replication of attenuated SARS-CoV-2 virus.

The results of Real-time PCR, Western blot for the viral nucleocapsid gene of virus, and CCID₅₀ test indicated a decrease in virus replication in these cells. The findings of this research indicated that the reduced expression of the TRIM25 gene was associated with increased disease severity of COVID-19 in individuals. Additionally, the results suggested the overexpression of TRIM25 gene can impress the replication of attenuated SARS-CoV-2 and the induction of beta-interferon.

TRIM25 plays a critical role in controlling viral replication through its direct interaction with the virus and its involvement in inducing interferon during the early stages of infection. This makes TRIM25 a promising target for potential therapeutic interventions.