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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Non-Viral Engineering of Primary Human T Cells via Homology-Mediated End-Joining Targeted Integration of Large DNA Templates

Non-Viral Engineering of Primary Human T Cells via Homology-Mediated End-Joining Targeted Integration of Large DNA Templates

Published on: May 9, 2025

Genetically engineering glycolysis in T cells increases their antitumor function.

Raphaëlle Toledano Zur¹, Orna Atar², Tilda Barliya¹

¹Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.

Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer

|July 4, 2024

Summary

Metabolically engineered T cells enhance cancer immunotherapy. By boosting glucose metabolism, these modified cells better compete with tumors, leading to improved antitumor responses and therapeutic potential.

Keywords:

Immunotherapy Receptors, Antigen T-Lymphocytes

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Metabolic Engineering
Cancer Biology

Background:

T cells are crucial for antitumor responses but are often hindered by nutrient scarcity in the tumor microenvironment.
Cancer cells outcompete T cells for essential metabolites like glucose, limiting immune function.

Purpose of the Study:

To enhance T-cell antitumor function by improving their glycolytic capacity to compete with tumor cells.
To engineer T cells for increased metabolic fitness within the tumor microenvironment.

Main Methods:

Engineered human T cells to express phosphofructokinase (a glycolysis enzyme) and Glucose transporter 3.
Co-expressed these metabolic enhancements with tumor-specific chimeric antigen or T-cell receptors.

Main Results:

Engineered T cells showed increased cytokine secretion and activation markers.
Demonstrated superior glycolytic capacity and improved in vivo therapeutic potential in a human tumor xenograft model.

Conclusions:

T-cell metabolic engineering can significantly enhance cellular immunotherapy efficacy.
This approach offers a promising strategy to overcome tumor microenvironment limitations for cancer treatment.