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Related Concept Videos

Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
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Nephrotic syndrome associated with solid malignancies: a systematic review.

Shuo Liu1,2, Yuchen Wan3, Ziyu Hu4

  • 1Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, 250021, China.

BMC Nephrology
|July 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome (PNS) is linked to solid tumors and often misdiagnosed. Early identification and treatment of PNS improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:
MalignancyNephrotic syndromeParaneoplastic nephrotic syndromeParaneoplastic syndromeSolid malignancies

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Nephrotic syndrome (NS) can be a paraneoplastic disorder associated with various carcinomas.
  • Paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome (PNS) is frequently misdiagnosed, delaying optimal treatment.
  • Characteristics of NS in solid malignancies require elucidation for improved clinical management.

Approach:

  • Systematic review of 128 cases of NS combined with solid malignancies.
  • PubMed database search from inception to October 2023 using keywords related to cancer and nephrotic syndrome.
  • Data extracted from case reports and case series, focusing on individual patient data.

Key Points:

  • 105 cases of PNS and 23 of NS induced by cancer therapy were identified.
  • Median age at diagnosis was 60 years (1.8:1 male to female ratio).
  • NS manifestations occurred before, during, or after tumor diagnosis in 36%, 30%, and 34% of PNS cases, respectively.
  • Membranous nephropathy was the most prevalent renal pathology (49%), particularly with lung, colorectal, or breast carcinoma.
  • High remission rates were observed with cancer treatment alone or combined with NS treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Specific NS pathologies may correlate with particular malignancies in PNS patients.
  • Prompt identification and therapeutic intervention for PNS significantly impact patient outcomes.