Green Technology Approach Towards the Removal of Heavy Metals, Dyes, and Phenols from Water Using Agro-based...

The swift pace of socioeconomic development and climatic change have put significant strain on the quality of water resources. While, the bulk availability of agro-based materials arising from nature and agricultural practices has paved the way for researchers to utilize them in eradicating toxic industrial pollutants such as dyes, heavy metals, phenolic compounds, pesticides, etc. by using them as adsorbents. In the area of pollution remediation, inventive technologies have been developing. The adsorption technique stands out among the other wastewater treatment methods as it is simple, easy, efficient, and cost-effective. The agro-based adsorbents not only have great potential for the treatment of polluted water but also their use in this area contributes to minimizing natural waste. The agro-based adsorbent can be employed in its original raw form or after undergoing simple processes such as drying, grinding, and carbonization. Moreover, these adsorbents are typically modified physically or chemically to change their surface properties and improve their adsorption efficiency. The low-cost agro adsorbents have shown efficient adsorption capacities towards removing various organic and hazardous water pollutants. With a few exceptions, the majority of adsorbents have demonstrated heavy metals, dyes and phenol removal efficiencies exceeding 90 %. This review summarises the available information and strategies for using agro-based adsorbents to eliminate hazardous water pollutants. It is a prospective area for research in the field of environmental pollution.