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CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents01:22

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Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, are a class of substances known for their ability to alter perception, cognition, and emotions. Despite their profound effects on the mind, these drugs are non-addictive, setting them apart from many other abused substances. The mechanism of action of these drugs lies in their impact on the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. Upon activation, this receptor couples to Gq-type G proteins, triggering a cascade that releases intracellular calcium. This...
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Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Analytical and behavioral characterization of 1-hexanoyl-LSD (1H-LSD).

Simon D Brandt1, Pierce V Kavanagh2, Sarah Gare3

  • 1School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.

Drug Testing and Analysis
|July 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers characterized 1-hexanoyl-LSD (1H-LSD), a novel lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) derivative. 1H-LSD demonstrated similar potency to ALD-52 in a mouse head-twitch response assay, suggesting it acts as an LSD prodrug.

Keywords:
LSDhead‐twitch responsenew psychoactive substancespsychedelics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) derivatives are explored for therapeutic potential and receptor probing.
  • Some novel LSD derivatives have emerged as recreational drugs, necessitating their detection and characterization.
  • The N1-position of the ergoline scaffold in LSD is a common site for modification, leading to various N1-acyl derivatives like 1-acetyl-N,N-diethyllysergamide (1A-LSD, ALD-52).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analytically characterize a novel N1-acyl LSD derivative, 1-hexanoyl-LSD (1H-LSD).
  • To evaluate the in vivo behavioral effects of 1H-LSD using the mouse head-twitch response (HTR) assay.
  • To compare the potency of 1H-LSD with existing LSD analogs like ALD-52.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical characterization of 1H-LSD using standard laboratory techniques.
  • In vivo assessment of 1H-LSD's behavioral effects in C57BL/6J mice via the head-twitch response (HTR) assay.
  • Determination of the median effective dose (ED50) for 1H-LSD in the HTR assay.

Main Results:

  • 1H-LSD was successfully characterized analytically.
  • 1H-LSD induced the head-twitch response (HTR) in mice.
  • The median effective dose (ED50) of 1H-LSD was determined to be 192.4 μg/kg (387 nmol/kg), indicating approximate equipotency to ALD-52.

Conclusions:

  • 1H-LSD functions as a prodrug, likely hydrolyzed to LSD in vivo, similar to other N1-acylated analogs.
  • The study provides valuable data on the pharmacological profile of 1H-LSD.
  • Further investigation is needed to determine if 1H-LSD has entered the research chemical market or is being used recreationally.