Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

5.3K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
5.3K
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

4.0K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
4.0K
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

106
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
106
Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

6.9K
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
6.9K
Reinforcement Schedules01:24

Reinforcement Schedules

140
Positive reinforcement is a powerful method for teaching new behaviors to both animals and humans. B.F. Skinner demonstrated this with his experiments using rats in a Skinner box. When a rat pressed a lever, it received a food pellet. This immediate reward encouraged the rat to repeat the behavior. This method, where a reward follows every instance of the behavior, is known as continuous reinforcement. It is highly effective for establishing new behaviors quickly.
Once a behavior is learned,...
140
Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

88
In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
88

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Quantum federated learning for autonomous vehicle cybersecurity: An analytical review of architectures and threat landscapes.

MethodsX·2026
Same author

IDMBD: Intelligent Diagnostic Modelling of Bipolar Disorder at its early onset.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

A hybrid spatial blur detection and restoration algorithm for smartphone captured document images.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

HQA<sup>2</sup>LFS-handwriting quality assessment using an active learning framework in smartphones.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

CISCS: Classification of inter-class similarity based medicinal plant species groups with machine learning.

MethodsX·2025
Same author

Hypercomplex neural networks: Exploring quaternion, octonion, and beyond in deep learning.

MethodsX·2025
Same journal

Facile synthesis of model polystyrene nanoparticles for nanoplastics research.

MethodsX·2026
Same journal

Effectiveness of a posture education program in high school students: A randomized controlled trial protocol.

MethodsX·2026
Same journal

Development and characterization of silicone-based testosterone propionate implants for sustained androgen delivery in juvenile castrated male pigs.

MethodsX·2026
Same journal

Machine learning assisted multi-criteria decision-making approaches for site selection: A systematic review.

MethodsX·2026
Same journal

A systematic analytical framework for multi-source municipal solid waste characterization for energy recovery.

MethodsX·2026
Same journal

Decision tree and reinforcement learning for contextual electricity consumption forecasting in buildings.

MethodsX·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
07:05

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

6.0K

Stochastic calculus-guided reinforcement learning: A probabilistic framework for optimal decision-making.

Raghavendra M Devadas1, Vani Hiremani2, K R Bhavya3

  • 1Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.

Methodsx
|July 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stochastic Calculus-guided Reinforcement Learning (SCRL) enhances decision-making under uncertainty. This new method outperforms traditional Stochastic Reinforcement Learning (SRL) with lower risk and better adaptability.

Keywords:
Decision makingDeep learningMachine learningReinforcement learningStochastic Calculus-guided Reinforcement LearningStochastic calculus

More Related Videos

WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control
08:18

WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control

Published on: August 15, 2020

5.0K
An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents
07:42

An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents

Published on: August 2, 2018

13.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2025

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
07:05

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

6.0K
WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control
08:18

WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control

Published on: August 15, 2020

5.0K
An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents
07:42

An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents

Published on: August 2, 2018

13.6K

Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Machine Learning
  • Decision Theory

Background:

  • Decision-making in uncertain environments is challenging.
  • Traditional Stochastic Reinforcement Learning (SRL) has limitations in complex scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce Stochastic Calculus-guided Reinforcement Learning (SCRL) as an advanced decision-making framework.
  • Compare the performance and risk profile of SCRL against traditional SRL methods.

Main Methods:

  • Developed SCRL by integrating principles of stochastic calculus into reinforcement learning.
  • Conducted empirical tests to evaluate SCRL's adaptability, performance, and risk compared to SRL.
  • Assessed metrics including training rewards, learning progress, and rolling averages.

Main Results:

  • SCRL demonstrated superior performance over SRL across various metrics.
  • SCRL achieved a lower dispersion value (63.49) than SRL (65.96).
  • SCRL exhibited significantly lower short-term (0.64) and long-term (0.78) risk values compared to SRL (18.64 and 10.41, respectively).

Conclusions:

  • SCRL offers a more robust and less risky approach to decision-making in uncertain and complex situations.
  • The findings highlight SCRL's potential for real-world applications requiring careful decision-making.
  • SCRL represents a significant advancement over traditional SRL methods.