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Positive Youth Development Approach to School Safety: A Comprehensive Conceptual Framework
Sarah M Stilwell1, Justin E Heinze1, Hsing-Fang Hsieh2
1Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health; Institute for Firearm Injury Prevention, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
A new equity-centered model addresses youth violence in schools. This comprehensive approach guides research and practice for safer learning environments and positive youth development.
Area of Science:
- Educational Psychology
- Public Health
- Sociology
Background:
- Youth violence, victimization, and bullying are widespread in US schools, negatively impacting learning and development.
- Physical and psychological safety are crucial for student well-being, prosocial behavior, and better school outcomes.
- K-12 school safety is a critical area requiring multifaceted research and understanding.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a novel, equity-centered, comprehensive conceptual model of school safety.
- To holistically represent the factors and pathways contributing to school safety and positive youth development.
- To address the gap in existing literature lacking a unified model of school safety.
Main Methods:
- Development of a comprehensive conceptual model integrating precursors, strategies, mechanisms, and outcomes of school safety.
- An equity-centered framework was adopted to ensure inclusivity and address systemic factors.
- The model synthesizes existing research to provide a holistic representation.
Main Results:
- The proposed model offers a guide for research and practice in school safety.
- It facilitates informed decision-making for practitioners, researchers, and policymakers.
- The model supports consensus-building for violence reduction and supportive school environments.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive, ecological approach is essential for ensuring student and staff safety and well-being.
- Integrating all aspects of the school context is vital for effective school safety strategies.
- The model promotes a holistic view, involving schools, communities, and stakeholders.
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