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Jiashun Hu1, Johann Rudi2, Michael Gurnis3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals key mantle viscosity parameters controlling plate tectonics. A new method accurately models global plate motions, providing insights into subduction zone strength and earthquake dynamics.

Keywords:
activation energyadjoint inversionmantle rheologyplate motionstress exponent

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Tectonophysics
  • Computational Geodynamics

Background:

  • Mantle viscosity variations critically influence mantle convection and plate tectonics.
  • Previous inverse methods struggled with complex viscosity gradients and nonlinearities in Earth's mantle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To rigorously constrain mantle viscosity parameters using global plate motion data.
  • To develop a robust method for resolving tectonic features and mantle dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Combined a scalable nonlinear Stokes solver with an adjoint-based Bayesian approach.
  • Utilized global plate motions as constraints, incorporating factors like plate cooling and lithospheric thickness.
  • Assumed constant grain size in the upper mantle for modeling.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a good fit to global plate motions with a nonlinear upper mantle stress exponent of 2.43 ± 0.25.
  • Determined a low yield stress (151 ± 19 MPa) necessary for slab bending and asymmetrical subduction.
  • Found variable megathrust strength across different subduction zones, with South America showing higher strength.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully models global plate motions by constraining mantle viscosity.
  • Results highlight the importance of yield stress in subduction dynamics and slab pull.
  • Variations in megathrust strength have significant implications for understanding megathrust earthquake stresses.