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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

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Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
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Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers01:20

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers

822
Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs, such as verapamil and diltiazem, block calcium channels. They primarily affect the heart, slowing the conduction in calcium-dependent tissues like the SA and AV nodes. These drugs manage reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and reduce ventricular rate in atrial flutter/fibrillation.
Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, inhibits calcium movement across myocardial cell membranes and vascular smooth muscle. This results in the dilation of coronary and...
822
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers01:22

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers

1.3K
Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat various types of arrhythmias or irregular heart rhythms. These drugs block the sodium (Na+) channels in the cardiac cells, thereby affecting the movement of electrical impulses across the heart. Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are divided into three subgroups: Class IA, Class IB, and Class IC, each with distinct mechanisms of action and effects on the heart.
Class 1A Antiarrhythmic Drugs: These drugs work by moderately blocking sodium channels,...
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Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers01:24

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers

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Adrenergic stimulation generally impacts cardiac rate and rhythm. Specifically, stimulation of the β-adrenoceptors triggers an increase in intracellular calcium ion influx and pacemaker currents, which may cause arrhythmias. Catecholamines like adrenaline also demonstrate β2-adrenoceptor-mediated hypokalemia, impacting cardiac action potential and disrupting the normal cardiac rhythm. Class II antiarrhythmic drugs are β-adrenoceptor antagonists or β-blockers, which...
733
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography01:17

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

312
Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Viral Transgene Expression in Rodent Hearts and the Assessment of Cardiac Arrhythmia Risk
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Remdesivir-Related Cardiac Adverse Effects in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study.

Fatemah Abedipour1,2, Hossein Hadavand Mirzaei1, Hossein Ansari3

  • 1Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.

Drug Research
|July 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Remdesivir use in COVID-19 patients was linked to cardiovascular issues, particularly sinus bradycardia. Men, older individuals, and smokers showed higher complication rates, with significant changes in Bilirubin and ALKP levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Reports indicate serious side effects of Remdesivir, including cardiovascular complications.
  • COVID-19 treatment with Remdesivir necessitates understanding its cardiac safety profile.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the adverse cardiovascular effects of Remdesivir in COVID-19 patients.
  • To identify factors associated with Remdesivir-induced cardiovascular complications.

Main Methods:

  • Patients receiving Remdesivir were categorized into groups with and without cardiovascular complications.
  • Medical records were reviewed to assess the relationship between various factors and adverse cardiovascular events.

Main Results:

  • Cardiovascular complications were significantly more prevalent in men and older patients.
  • Smoking was significantly associated with increased cardiovascular complications.
  • Significant differences in mean changes of Bilirubin and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALKP) were observed pre- and post-treatment between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Sinus bradycardia was the most common complication, predominantly affecting men.
  • Advanced age and smoking are risk factors for Remdesivir-associated cardiovascular complications.
  • Changes in Bilirubin and ALKP levels may indicate cardiac risk in patients treated with Remdesivir.