Bioactive chitosan/polydopamine nanospheres coating on carbon fiber towards strengthening epoxy composites

This paper initially examines the feasibility and effectiveness on interfacial adhesion of composites when grafting nanoparticle-structured polydopamine (PDA) and chitosan around carbon fiber periphery. The resulting interfacial shear strength was maximized as 92.3 MPa, delivering 50.1 % and 15.7-16.2 % gains over those of control fiber and only polydopamine nanospheres (PDA_NPs) or only chitosan modified fiber composites. Measuring surface morphology and thermal stability of fibers found that abundant PDA_NPs well adhered with the help of chitosan, highlighting nanoscale size effects and intrinsic adhesiveness of PDA. Under good wettability, rich and dense interfacial interactions (covalent and hydrogen bond, electrostatic interaction, and π conjugation) caused by PDA_NPs/chitosan coating provides impetus for effective stress transfer. Additionally, the stable "soft-rigid" combination of chitosan and PDA_NPs adds the efficiency of crack passivation. As such, it is hoped that this work could fully explore the possibility of PDA geometry in interphase engineering of fiber composites.