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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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Cross-Sectional Research01:50

Cross-Sectional Research

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In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
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Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

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Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One...
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Crossover Experiments01:16

Crossover Experiments

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Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.
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Sedentary behaviour and cancer risk: a World Cancer Research Fund International Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

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Intelligibility in 3- and 5-Year-Old Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate: Reference Data for Intelligibility in Context Scale Scores.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture
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The Cleft Collective: protocol for a longitudinal prospective cohort study.

Amy J V Davies1, Kerry Humphries2, Sarah J Lewis3

  • 1Bristol Dental School, The Cleft Collective, University of Bristol Faculty of Health Sciences, Bristol, UK a.davies@bristol.ac.uk.

BMJ Open
|July 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The Cleft Collective is a UK study tracking children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and their families. This research aims to improve understanding, treatment, and long-term care for CL/P, enhancing quality of life.

Keywords:
ORAL MEDICINEObservational StudyPAEDIATRICS

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Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Genetics
  • Public health

Background:

  • Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) affects 1 in 700 newborns globally.
  • Families of children with CL/P face developmental challenges.
  • Existing research on CL/P is often limited by small sample sizes and single-center data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a comprehensive national cohort study in the UK for CL/P.
  • To create a global research resource for understanding CL/P causes, treatments, and outcomes.
  • To improve the quality of life for individuals with CL/P through enhanced understanding and care.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal prospective cohort study design.
  • Recruitment of children with CL/P and their families across the UK from November 2013 to September 2027.
  • Collection of biological samples, parental/child questionnaires, surgical data, and linkage to external data sources.

Main Results:

  • The Cleft Collective aims to recruit 4822 children with various types of CL/P.
  • Biological samples and detailed data are collected throughout the child's development.
  • Patient and Public Involvement ensures research guidance and relevance.

Conclusions:

  • The Cleft Collective provides a robust platform for CL/P research.
  • Findings will be disseminated through publications, conferences, and public channels.
  • The study seeks to significantly advance care and outcomes for individuals with CL/P.