Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 21, 2025
11:17
A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample
Published on: June 1, 2017
35.1K
Liquid-liquid and solid-liquid extractions with low-temperature partitioning - A review
Adilson Correia Goulart1, Alessandra Aparecida Zinato Rodrigues2, Fernanda Fernandes Heleno2
1Instituto Federal de Goiás, Campus Itumbiara, Itumbiara, GO, Brazil.
Analytica Chimica Acta
|July 5, 2024
Summary
Low-temperature partitioning (LTP) offers efficient solvent extraction for diverse samples, minimizing steps and chemicals. This review details LTP
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Separation Science
Background:
- Solvent extraction is crucial for isolating compounds.
- Traditional methods often require extensive sample cleanup.
- Low-temperature partitioning (LTP) emerged as a novel approach.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide the first comprehensive review of LTP-based solvent extraction.
- To elucidate the mechanism and practical aspects of LTP.
- To analyze the advantages, limitations, and applications of LTP.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of LTP techniques.
- Analysis of factors influencing extraction efficiency.
- Exploration of LTP applications in various matrices.
Main Results:
- LTP has gained prominence since the 2000s for its effectiveness.
- The review proposes a mechanism for LTP solvent extraction.
- LTP enables efficient extraction from food, environmental, and biological samples.
Conclusions:
- LTP is a versatile technique for rapid sample preparation.
- It requires minimal steps, chemicals, and analyst intervention.
- LTP shows significant potential for simplifying complex extraction processes.
Related Concept Videos
01:01Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria
2.7K
Distillation is a separation technique that takes advantage of the boiling point properties of disparate elements in a mixture. To perform distillation, we begin by heating a miscible mixture of two liquids with a significant difference in boiling points (at least 20°C). As the solution heats up and reaches the bubble point of the more volatile component, some molecules of the more volatile component transition into the gas phase and travel upward into the condenser, which is a glass tube...
2.7K
01:14Extraction: Partition and Distribution Coefficients
2.4K
The distribution law or Nernst's distribution law is the law that governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law, also known as the partition law, states that if a solute is added to the mixture of two immiscible solvents at a constant temperature, the solute is distributed between the two solvents in such a way that the ratio of solute concentrations in the solvents remains constant at equilibrium.
For extracting a solute from an aqueous phase into an...
For extracting a solute from an aqueous phase into an...
2.4K
01:10Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria
1.1K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
1.1K
00:56Extraction: Advanced Methods
444
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
444
01:05High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process
454
In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
454
03:28Vapor Pressure Lowering
26.5K
The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its gaseous phase when vaporization and condensation are occurring at equal rates:
Dissolving a nonvolatile substance in volatile liquid results in a lowering of the liquid’s vapor pressure. This phenomenon can be explained by considering the effect of added solute molecules on the liquid's vaporization and condensation processes. To vaporize, solvent molecules must be present at the surface of the solution....
Dissolving a nonvolatile substance in volatile liquid results in a lowering of the liquid’s vapor pressure. This phenomenon can be explained by considering the effect of added solute molecules on the liquid's vaporization and condensation processes. To vaporize, solvent molecules must be present at the surface of the solution....
26.5K