Utilizing adeno-associated virus as a vector in treating genetic disorders or human cancers

Clinical data from over two decades, involving more than 3000 treated patients, demonstrate that adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy is a safe, effective, and well-tolerated therapeutic method. Clinical trials using AAV-mediated gene delivery to accessible tissues have led to successful treatments for numerous monogenic disorders and advancements in tissue engineering. Although the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved AAV for clinical use, systemic administration remains a significant challenge. In this review, we delve into AAV biology, focusing on current manufacturing technologies and transgene engineering strategies. We examine the use of AAVs in ongoing clinical trials for ocular, neurological, and hematological disorders, as well as cancers. By discussing recent advancements and current challenges in the field, we aim to provide valuable insights for researchers and clinicians navigating the evolving landscape of AAV-based gene therapy.