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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

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Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Fermi Level01:18

Fermi Level

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The Fermi-Dirac function is represented by an S-shaped curve indicating the probability of an energy state being occupied by an electron at a given temperature. The Fermi level is the energy level at which there is a fifty percent chance of finding an electron, and it is positioned between the lower-energy valence band and the higher-energy conduction band.
At absolute zero temperature, electrons fill all energy states up to the Fermi level, leaving upper states empty. As the temperature rises,...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Path Between Thermodynamics States01:21

Path Between Thermodynamics States

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Consider the two thermodynamic processes involving an ideal gas that are represented by paths AC and ABC in Figure 1:
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Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview01:16

Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview

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Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
Sigmatropic shifts are classified based on an order term [i, j ], where i and j indicate the number of atoms across which each end of the σ bond migrates. Below are examples of a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
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Interplay between Topological States and Rashba States as Manifested on Surface Steps at Room Temperature.

Wonhee Ko1,2, Seoung-Hun Kang3, Jason Lapano3

  • 1Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.

ACS Nano
|July 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers observed room-temperature interactions between Rashba and topological surface states in thin films. Controlling layer thickness allows manipulation of spin textures, crucial for spintronic applications.

Keywords:
Bi2Se3 filmRashba edge statesfirst-principles density functional theoryscanning tunneling microscopytight-binding modelingtopological insulatorstopological surface states

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Topological materials possess unique spin textures vital for spintronics.
  • Perturbations like temperature and defects disrupt quantum state control.
  • Understanding and controlling these states is key to realizing spintronic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between Rashba states and topological surface states.
  • To explore room-temperature control of spin textures in topological insulators.
  • To demonstrate the role of thin film thickness in manipulating quantum states.

Main Methods:

  • Room-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S).
  • First-principles theoretical calculations.
  • Fabrication and characterization of topological insulator Bi2Se3 thin films with varying layer thicknesses.

Main Results:

  • Observed interaction between Rashba and topological surface states at step edges.
  • Demonstrated that local electronic structure and spin textures are controllable by film thickness.
  • Rashba edge states can be switched off by reducing Bi2Se3 thickness, enhancing interaction with topological surface states.

Conclusions:

  • Unveiled a mechanism for manipulating spin textures at room temperature.
  • Highlighted the critical role of thin film technology in controlling quantum states.
  • Confirmed the robust coexistence of Rashba and topological surface states with specific spin textures.