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Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes
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Unconventional posttranslational modification in innate immunity.

Jiaxi Chen1, Dejun Qi1, Haorui Hu1

  • 1The Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|July 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Unconventional posttranslational modifications (PTMs) like ISGylation and SUMOylation are increasingly recognized for their critical roles in regulating innate immunity signaling pathways and maintaining immune homeostasis.

Keywords:
Innate immunityUnconventional posttranslational modifications

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are key to innate immunity.
  • Signaling cascades controlled by PRRs maintain immune homeostasis.
  • Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are central to these signaling cascades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging field of unconventional PTMs.
  • To highlight the pivotal role of unconventional PTMs in innate immunity.
  • To discuss the regulatory mechanisms of these modifications in immune signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of unconventional PTMs.
  • Analysis of studies investigating PTMs in innate immune signaling.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on unanchored ubiquitination, ISGylation, SUMOylation, NEDDylation, methylation, acetylation, palmitoylation, glycosylation, and myristylation.

Main Results:

  • Conventional PTMs (phosphorylation, ubiquitination) are well-studied.
  • Unconventional PTMs play a significant, underappreciated role in modulating innate immune signaling.
  • Specific unconventional PTMs discussed include ISGylation, SUMOylation, and others.

Conclusions:

  • Unconventional PTMs are critical regulators of innate immune responses.
  • Further research into unconventional PTMs will advance our understanding of immune homeostasis.
  • Targeting these modifications may offer new therapeutic strategies for immune-related diseases.