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Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...

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Transmission of classical scrapie using lymph node inoculum.

Alexis J Frese1, M Heather West Greenlee2, Jifeng Bian3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA; Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, ARS, Ames, IA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, USA.

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Summary

Infectious scrapie agent in sheep lymph nodes can transmit the disease. This study found similar infectivity in brain and retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RPLN), aiding understanding of sheep scrapie transmission.

Keywords:
Lymph node inoculumPrion diseasePrion proteinScrapieSheep

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
  • Prion Disease Research

Background:

  • Scrapie is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease in sheep and goats.
  • Prion protein (PrPSc) replication in lymphoid tissues facilitates environmental shedding of the scrapie agent.
  • Understanding the infectivity of different tissues is crucial for disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the infectivity of brain versus retropharyngeal lymph node (RPLN) homogenates from sheep infected with classical scrapie.
  • To evaluate PrPSc accumulation and associated pathology in lymphoid and neural tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Nine Cheviot sheep (VRQ/VRQ genotype) were inoculated with either brain or RPLN homogenates.
  • Tissues were analyzed using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, western blot, enzyme immunoassay, and conformational stability assays.
  • Clinical signs and time to euthanasia were monitored.

Main Results:

  • Both brain and RPLN inocula induced clinical signs of scrapie, with similar onset and progression.
  • Western blot analysis showed identical PrPSc molecular mass in brainstem tissue from both groups.
  • Spongiform changes and PrPSc accumulation were comparable in brain and lymph tissues, with no significant difference in conformational stability.

Conclusions:

  • Lymph nodes containing the classical scrapie agent are infectious and can transmit the disease to sheep.
  • These findings contribute to a better understanding of sheep scrapie transmission dynamics.
  • RPLN homogenates are a viable source for scrapie agent transmission studies.