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Marsh decrease was much faster than the water increase among the Yellow River Source wetlands during 1986-2022.

Mengqi Qiu1, Yanxu Liu1, Fuyou Tian2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100857, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|July 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wetland mapping in the Yellow River Source (YRS) reveals significant marsh degradation and water expansion from 1986-2022. Grazing, not climate change, drives marsh loss, impacting water supply for millions.

Keywords:
Driving factorsGoogle Earth Engine (GEE)Theil-Sen estimationTime seriesWetland mapping

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Remote Sensing
  • Ecosystem Dynamics

Background:

  • Wetlands are critical ecosystems requiring monitoring for sustainable management, especially under global warming.
  • The Yellow River Source (YRS) wetlands, featuring a large plateau peat bog, face degradation, threatening water supply for 110 million people.
  • Assessing YRS wetland evolution is challenging due to a lack of long-term, dense time-series data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for generating annual wetland maps of the YRS from 1986 to 2022.
  • To analyze the trends in wetland extent and identify the driving factors behind observed changes.
  • To provide insights for sustainable wetland management in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a decision tree sample migration method utilizing Euclidean distance and Land Surface Water Index.
  • Generated annual wetland maps using Landsat 5/7/8 datasets and the Random Forest classification method.
  • Achieved an average sample migration rate of 89.21% and an overall accuracy of 95.49%.

Main Results:

  • Marsh area decreased by 12.98% (2031 km²), while water area increased by 31.24% (710 km²) between 1986 and 2022.
  • Significant marsh decline (10.96%) was primarily converted to grassland (86%) and impervious surfaces (10%).
  • Significant water expansion (6.69%) originated mainly from impervious surfaces (82%) and marsh (12%).

Conclusions:

  • Grazing activities are a more significant driver of marsh degradation than climate change in the YRS.
  • Water expansion in the YRS is linked to recent rising temperatures.
  • The developed sample migration method is effective for long-term wetland mapping, supporting targeted conservation efforts.