Pathogenetic and preventive aspects of non-progressive ataxic syndromes

The article reviews the collected knowledge concerning the non-progressive syndromes of ataxic cerebral palsy. Three syndromes are described: (1) simple ataxia (signs of dyssynergia); (2) ataxic diplegia (ataxia with added diplegic spasticity); and (3) dysequilibrium syndrome (defective postural control and equilibrium). The probable aetiological factors in each syndrome are discussed. In simple ataxia prenatal factors dominate; a high proportion of cases have an untraceable aetiology. Genetic factors play a large rôle, and birthweight is usually normal. With ataxic diplegia the aetiology is again most commonly prenatal, but the proportion of cases with an untraceable aetiology is low. Fetal deprivation of supply and perinatal factors, either isolated or in combination, are important. Low birthweight is frequently found. Genetic aetiological factors are the rule in the dysequilibrium syndrome. Possible preventive measures are discussed on the basis of the aetiological pattern. It is concluded that the possibilities of prevention are greatest in ataxic diplegia.