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Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation01:29

Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation

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Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile01:25

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Understanding serum lipids is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease and stroke.
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Lipids are an essential component of a balanced human diet. Triglycerides, which make up the majority of dietary lipids, are found in both saturated fats—commonly present in meat, dairy products, and certain tropical plants like coconut, and hydrogenated oils such as margarine and baking shortenings (trans fats)—and unsaturated fats, which are abundant in seeds, nuts, olive oil, and most vegetable oils. The main sources of cholesterol include egg yolks, various meats and organ...
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World Heart Federation Cholesterol Roadmap: The Portuguese case.

Ana Abreu1, Hélder Dores2, Lino Gonçalves3

  • 1Serviço Cardiologia, Hospital Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal.

Revista Portuguesa De Cardiologia : Orgao Oficial Da Sociedade Portuguesa De Cardiologia = Portuguese Journal of Cardiology : an Official Journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology
|July 7, 2024
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Summary

Portugal faces a high burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and uncontrolled cholesterol, particularly in high-risk individuals. A national roadmap is proposed to improve awareness, risk assessment, and prevention strategies for better cardiovascular health.

Keywords:
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular riskCholesterolColesterolDoença aterosclerótica cardiovascularPreventionPrevençãoRisco cardiovascularWHF Roadmap

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Health Policy

Background:

  • Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a leading cause of premature death and disability globally.
  • Effective cardiovascular (CV) risk prevention is crucial for public health.
  • Portugal faces a significant challenge with high cholesterol burden and uncontrolled levels, especially in high-risk populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the cholesterol burden in Portugal and develop strategies for a national cholesterol roadmap.
  • To align with the World Heart Federation (WHF) Cholesterol Roadmap framework for national policy development.
  • To advocate for improved ASCVD prevention through national policy and expert consensus.

Main Methods:

  • A literature review was conducted to assess the national cholesterol burden in Portugal.
  • An expert group from the Portuguese Society of Cardiology (SPC) convened to discuss strategies.
  • Preventive strategies were developed based on the five pillars of the WHF Cholesterol Roadmap.

Main Results:

  • The literature review confirmed a high and uncontrolled cholesterol burden in Portugal, particularly among high-risk individuals.
  • An infographic scorecard was created to visualize CV risk and cholesterol burden for advocacy.
  • Key recommendations for a national cholesterol roadmap were outlined, focusing on awareness, screening, and stakeholder involvement.

Conclusions:

  • ASCVD and cholesterol burden represent a significant public health issue in Portugal.
  • A multidisciplinary national program and a structured plan are essential for effective prevention.
  • Population-based approaches, improved risk assessment, and surveillance are critical for mitigating hypercholesterolemia and ASCVD burden.