Therapeutic Electrical Stimulation for Surgeons: How it Works and How to Apply it
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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity
Published on: January 10, 2013
Jordan E Wiebe1, Gregory H Borschel1
1Division of Plastic Surgery, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Abstract:
Electrical stimulation (ES) enhances peripheral nerve inherent regeneration capacity by promoting accelerated axonal outgrowth and selectivity toward appropriate motor and sensory targets. These effects lead to significantly improved functional outcomes and shorter recovery time. Electrical stimulation can be applied intra-operatively or immediately post-operatively. Active clinical trials are looking into additional areas of application, length of stimulation, and functional outcomes.

