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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Physics
  • Complex Systems Dynamics

Background:

  • Studying nonequilibrium systems is crucial for understanding phenomena beyond thermal equilibrium.
  • The cycling three-state Potts model offers a tunable platform to explore transitions between ordered and dynamic phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of a cycling three-state Potts model.
  • To characterize the phase transitions and emergent behaviors under varying energy conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing computational simulations to model the Potts model dynamics.
  • Employing theoretical analysis to understand the observed phenomena.

Main Results:

  • At low cycling energy, the system exhibits homogeneous state cycling via nucleation and growth.
  • At high cycling energy, spiral wave patterns emerge.
  • A discontinuous transition from homogeneous phases to spiral waves occurs in large systems, with coexistence possible in smaller systems.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the distinct dynamic phases of the cycling three-state Potts model.
  • Continuum theory can reproduce spiral wave behavior, and the transition is driven by nucleation and growth competition.